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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1841 | - 4 Apr 1841—3 Mar 1845: John Tyler, 10th President of the United States
John Tyler
- 30 Aug 1841—29 Jun 1846: Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet, UK Prime Minister (Conservative)
Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet
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| 2 | 1845 | - 1845: Tarmac laid for first time (in Nottingham)
- 4 Mar 1845—3 Mar 1849: James Knox Polk, 11th President of the United States
jJames K. Polk
- 17 Mar 1845: The rubber band patented by Stephen Perry
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| 3 | 1846 | - 17 Feb 1846: North Australia
North Australia colony is founded covering all of New South Wales north of 26° S
- 30 Jun 1846—21 Feb 1852: Lord John Russell, 1st Earl Russell, UK Prime Minister (Whig)
Lord John Russell, 1st Earl Russell
- 10 Sep 1846: The sewing machine is patented by Elias Howe
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| 4 | 1847 | - 1847: US Mormons make Salt Lake City their centre
- Jan 1847: An anaesthetic used for the first time in England (James Simpson used ether to numb the pain of labour)
- 15 Apr 1847: North Australia
North Australia is reincorporated into New South Wales
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| 5 | 1848 | - 1848: First commercial production of chewing gum
- 24 Jan 1848: Gold found at Sutter's Mill, California
- 11 Jul 1848: Waterloo railway station in London opens
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| 6 | 1849 | - 1849: Florin (2 shilling coin) introduced as the first step to decimalisation
- 1849: Netherlands
King William II dies of a heart attack . On May 12 , King William III inaugurated
- 4 Mar 1849—9 Jul 1850: Zachary Taylor, 12th President of the United States
Zachary Taylor
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| 7 | 1850 | - 9 Jul 1850—3 Mar 1853: Millard Fillmore, 13th President of the United States
Millard Fillmore
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| 8 | 1851 | - 1851: Gold discovered in Australia
- 1851: Australia Gold Rush
Gold is discovered at Summerhill Creek and Ballarat
- 1 May 1851: Great exhibition of the works of industry of all nations ("Crystal Palace" exhibition) opened in Hyde Park
- 1 Jul 1851: Australia Victoria
Victoria colony is founded
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| 9 | 1852 | |
| 10 | 1853 | - 1853: Vaccination against smallpox made compulsory in Britain
- 4 Mar 1853—3 Mar 1857: Franklin Pierce, 14th President of the United States
Franklin Pierce
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| 11 | 1854 | - 1854: Cigarettes introduced into Britain
- 27 Mar 1854: Britain declares war on Russia (Crimean War)
- 25 Oct 1854: Battle of Balaklava in Crimea (charge of the Light Brigade)
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| 12 | 1855 | - 1855: Australia Chinese
Chinese Immigration Act
- 1855: Australia Vote
Men over the age of 21 in South Australia gain the right to vote
- 6 Feb 1855—19 Feb 1858: Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, UK Prime Minister (Tory and Whig)
Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston
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| 13 | 1856 | - 1856: End of Crimean War
- 29 Jan 1856: Victoria Cross created by Royal Warrant, backdated to 1854 to recognise acts
during the Crimean War (first award ceremony 26 June 1857)
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| 14 | 1857 | - 1857: Work starts on the laying of the Transatlantic cable
- 4 Mar 1857—3 Mar 1861: James Buchanan, 15th President of the United States
James Buchanan
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| 15 | 1858 | - 1858: 'The great stink'
- 1858: Royal Opera House opens in Covent Garden, London
- 20 Feb 1858—11 Jun 1859: Edward Smith Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby, UK Prime Minister (Tory and Whig)
Edward Smith Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby
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| 16 | 1859 | - 1859: Peaceful picketing legalised in Britain
- 25 Apr 1859: Work started on building the Suez canal (opened 17 Nov 1869)
- 4 May 1859: Brunel's Royal Albert Bridge opened at Saltash giving rail link between Devon
and Cornwall
- 12 Jun 1859—18 Oct 1865: Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, UK Prime Minister (Whig)
Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston
- 24 Nov 1859: Charles Darwin publishes "The Origin of Species"
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| 17 | 1860 | - 1860: Slavery
official abolition of slavery in the Dutch East Indies
- 29 Aug 1860: First tram service in Europe starts in Birkenhead
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| 18 | 1861 | - 4 Mar 1861—15 Apr 1865: Abraham Lincoln, 16th President of the United States
Abraham Lincoln
- 12 Apr 1861: American Civil War
- 25 May 1861—14 Apr 1864: American Civil War
|
| 19 | 1862 | - 1862: Lincoln issues first legal US paper money (Greenbacks)
- 20 Apr 1862: First pasteurisation test completed by Louis Pasteur and Claude Bernard
|
| 20 | 1863 | - 1863: Football Association founded (UK)
- 1863: Opening of state institution for criminally insane at Broadmoor, England
- 10 Jan 1863: First section of the London Underground Railway opens
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| 21 | 1864 | - 1864: A man-powered submarine, "Hunley", sank a Federal steam ship, USS Housatonic, at the entrance to Charleston harbour in 1864
- 11 Mar 1864: The Great Sheffield Flood
- 20 Aug 1864: Red Cross established
- 8 Dec 1864: Clifton Suspension Bridge over the River Avon officially opened
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| 22 | 1865 | - 1865: Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (1836-1917) becomes first woman doctor in England [she later became the first woman mayor in England, in Aldeburgh 1908]
- 1865: First concrete roads built in Britain
- 14 Apr 1865: Abraham Lincoln assassinated in Ford's Theatre by John Wilkes Booth
- 15 Apr 1865—3 Mar 1869: Andrew Johnson, 17th President of the United States
Andrew Johnson
- 5 Jul 1865: William Booth (1829-1912) founds Salvation Army, in London
- 29 Oct 1865—26 Jun 1866: Lord John Russell, 1st Earl Russell, UK Prime Minister (Whig)
Lord John Russell, 1st Earl Russell
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| 23 | 1866 | |
| 24 | 1867 | - 1 Jul 1867: The British North America Act takes effect, creating the Canadian Confederation
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| 25 | 1868 | |
| 26 | 1869 | - 1869: Ball bearings, celluloid, margarine, and washing machines, all invented
- 4 Mar 1869—3 Mar 1877: Ulysses S. Grant, 18th President of the United States
Ulysses S. Grant
- 23 Nov 1869: Cutty Sark launched in Dumbarton
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| 27 | 1870 | - 1870: GPO takes over the privately-owned Telegraph Companies (nationalised)
- 1870: Dr Thomas Barnardo opens his first home for destitute children
- 1870: Water closets come into wide use
- 1870: Diamonds discovered in Kimberley, South Africa
- 1870: Smallpox epidemic in the Netherlands. In 1871 the number of deaths rises to 15,787
- 1870: Netherlands abolished the death penalty
- 1 Oct 1870: First British postcard
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| 28 | 1871 | - 27 Mar 1871: First Rugby Football international, England v Scotland, played in Edinburgh
- 29 Mar 1871: Opening of Royal Albert Hall, London
- 29 Jun 1871: Trades Unions legalised in Britain, but picketing made illegal
|
| 29 | 1872 | - 1872: Licensing hours introduced
- 1872: Penalties introduced for failing to register births, marriages & deaths (Eng & Wales)
- 4 Dec 1872: American ship "Mary Celeste" is found abandoned by the British brig "Dei Gratia" in the Atlantic Ocean
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| 30 | 1873 | - 1873: Netherlands
Aceh war . On 8 April, the Dutch colonial army lands on the coast of Sumatra
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| 31 | 1874 | - 1874: Factory Act introduces 56-hour week
- 1874: Netherlands
Children Act Samuel van Houten. Labour by children under 12 is prohibited.
- 20 Feb 1874—21 Apr 1880: Benjamin Disraeli, the Earl of Beaconsfield, UK Prime Minister (Conservative)
Benjamin Disraeli, the Earl of Beaconsfield
- 5 Apr 1874: Birkenhead Park opened, said to be the first civic public park in the world
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| 32 | 1875 | - 1875: London's main sewage system completed
- 1875—1882: US Epidemic
North American smallpox epidemic
- 1 Jan 1875: Midland Railway abolishes Second Class passenger facilities, leaving First Class and Third Class. Other British railway companies followed during the rest of the year. (Third Class was renamed Second Class in 1956)
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| 33 | 1876 | - 1876: Netherlands
Mata Hari was born in Leeuwarden on August 7, Margaret Gertrude Zelle
- 14 Feb 1876: Alexander Graham Bell and Elisha Gray each file a patent for the telephone
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| 34 | 1877 | - 1877: Edison invents microphone and phonograph
- 4 Mar 1877—3 Mar 1881: Rutherford Birchard Hayes, 19th President of the United States
Rutherford Birchard Hayes
|
| 35 | 1878 | - 1878: Edison & Swan invent electric lamp
- 1878: Red Flag Act in Britain limits mechanical road vehicles to 4mph
- 1878: CID established at New Scotland Yard
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| 36 | 1879 | - 1879: Netherlands
Establishment of the 1st political party : the Anti- Revolutionary Party , led by Abraham Kuyper
- 18 Sep 1879: Blackpool illuminations switched on for first time
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| 37 | 1880 | - 1880: Education Act: schooling compulsory for 5-10 year olds
- 1880: Mosquito found to be the carrier of malaria
- 23 Apr 1880—9 Jun 1885: William Ewart Gladstone, UK Prime Minister (Liberal)
William Ewart Gladstone
- 2 Aug 1880: Greenwich Mean Time adopted throughout UK
|
| 38 | 1881 | - 1881: Postal Orders introduced
- 1881: Flogging abolished in Army and Royal Navy
- 4 Mar 1881—19 Sep 1881: James Abram Garfield, 20th President of the United States
James Abram Garfield
- Sep 1881: Godalming in Surrey became the first town in England to have a public electricity
supply installed (but in 1884 it reverted to gas lighting until 1904)
- 19 Sep 1881—3 Mar 1885: Chester Alan Arthur, 21st President of the United States
Chester Alan Arthur
- 26 Oct 1881: Gunfight at OK Corral
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| 39 | 1882 | - 1882: Fourth Eddystone Lighthouse completed
|
| 40 | 1883 | - 1883: Statue of Liberty presented to USA by France
- 24 May 1883: Brooklyn Bridge, New York opens (crosses East River)
- 1 Aug 1883: Parcel post starts in Britain
- 27 Aug 1883: Eruption of Krakatoa near Java
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| 41 | 1884 | - 31 May 1884: John Harvey Kellogg patents corn flakes
- 13 Oct 1884: Greenwich made prime meridian of the world
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| 42 | 1885 | - 1885: Carl Benz builds the 'Motorwagen', a single-cylinder motor car
- 1885: Gottlieb Daimler patents the world's first motorcycle
- 1885: Eastman makes first coated photographic paper
- 1885: Canadian Pacific Railway completed
- Mar 1885: First UK cremation in modern times took place at Woking
- 4 Mar 1885—3 Mar 1889: Grover Cleveland, 22nd President of the United States
Grover Cleveland
- 23 Jun 1885—26 Jan 1886: Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, UK Prime Minister (Conservative)
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury
- 5 Sep 1885: The first train runs through the Severn Tunnel
- 29 Sep 1885: First electric tramcar used at Blackpool
|
| 43 | 1886 | - 20 Jan 1886: Mersey railway (under Mersey) opened by Prince of Wales
- 1 Feb 1886—20 Jul 1886: William Ewart Gladstone, UK Prime Minister (Liberal)
William Ewart Gladstone
- May 1886: Pharmacist John Styth Pemberton invents a carbonated beverage later named
"Coca-Cola"
- 29 May 1886: Putney Bridge opens in London
- 25 Jul 1886—11 Aug 1892: Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, UK Prime Minister (Conservative)
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury
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| 44 | 1887 | - 1887: Daimler produces a four-wheeled motor car
|
| 45 | 1888 | - 1888: Convention of Constantinople guarantees free maritime passage through Suez
Canal in war and peace
- 1888: Jack the Ripper active in east London during the latter half of the year
- 1888: County Councils set up in Britain
- 1888: Dunlop invents pneumatic tyre
- 1888: First box camera
- 20 Mar 1888: Football League formed
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| 46 | 1889 | - 1889: Celluloid film produced
- 1889: Dock Strike
- 4 Mar 1889—3 Mar 1893: Benjamin Harrison, 23rd President of the United States
Benjamin Harrison
- 31 Mar 1889: Eiffel Tower completed (to mark centenary of French Revolution)
- 14 May 1889: Children's charity NSPCC launched in London
- 3 Jun 1889: Canadian Pacific Railway completed from coast to coast
- 28 Sep 1889: Length of a metre defined
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| 47 | 1890 | - 1890: Netherlands
King William III dies . Queen Emma becomes regent
- 1890: Netherlands
Birth of Princess Wilhelmina
- 4 Mar 1890: Forth railway bridge opens
- 4 Nov 1890: City & South London Railway opens
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| 48 | 1891 | - 1891: Primary education made free and compulsory
- 18 Mar 1891: First telephone link between London & Paris
- 4 May 1891: Fictional date when Sherlock Holmes throws Moriarty over Reichenbach Falls, then disappears for 3 years! (published in 1893)
- 24 Aug 1891: Thomas Edison patents the motion picture camera
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| 49 | 1892 | - 1892: Electric oven invented
- 1892: Shop Hours Act
- 15 Aug 1892—2 Mar 1894: William Ewart Gladstone, UK Prime Minister (Liberal)
William Ewart Gladstone
- 6 Oct 1892: Alfred Lord Tennyson dies, aged 83, at his house Aldworth, near Haslemere
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| 50 | 1893 | - 1893: Henry Ford's first car
- 1893: Zip fastener invented
- 4 Mar 1893—3 Mar 1897: Grover Cleveland, 24th President of the United States
Grover Cleveland
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| 51 | 1894 | - 1894: Picture postcard introduced in Britain
- 1 Jan 1894: Manchester Ship Canal opens
- 1 Mar 1894: Blackpool Tower opens
- 5 Mar 1894—25 Jun 1895: Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery, UK Prime Minister (Liberal)
Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery
- 30 Jun 1894: Tower Bridge first opens
- 2 Aug 1894: Death duties first introduced in Britain
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| 52 | 1895 | - 1895: Sir Henry Wood starts Promenade Concerts in London
- 12 Jan 1895: The National Trust founded in England
- 24 May 1895: Henry Irving becomes the first person from the theatre to be knighted
- 28 May 1895: Oscar Wilde sent to prison
- 25 Jun 1895—11 Jul 1902: Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, UK Prime Minister (Conservative)
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury
- 12 Jul 1895: First recorded motor journey of any length (56 miles) in Britain
- 17 Oct 1895: First people in Britain to be charged with motor offences
- Nov 1895: X-rays discovered
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| 53 | 1896 | - 1896: Netherlands
In 1896, the Hague photographer Adolphe Zimmermans was the first who drove a car on Dutch roads
- 5 Apr 1896: First modern Olympic Games held in Athens
- 2 Jun 1896: Guglielmo Marconi receives a British patent (later disputed) for the radio
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| 54 | 1897 | - 1897: Thomas Edison patents the Kinetoscope, the first movie projector
- 4 Mar 1897—24 Sep 1901: William McKinley, 25th President of the United States
William McKinley
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| 55 | 1898 | - 1898: First photograph using artificial light
- 1898: Zeppelin builds airship
- 1898: Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company founded
- 1898: Netherlands
Inauguration of Queen Wilhelmina in Amsterdam.
- 17 Mar 1898: USS Holland launched, the first practical submarine
- 25 Apr 1898: Spanish-American War
- 27 Jun 1898: The first solo circumnavigation of the globe completed at Rhode island by
Joshua Slocum in Spray (started from Boston, Mass on Apr 24, 1895)
|
1845 - 1898 (53 years)
